Arab German Journal of Sharia and Law Sciences (AGJSLS)

The Term Honor “Ikram” in the Noble Qur’an

2026-01-09T18:30:27+00:00

The Noble Qur’an firmly established the honoring of the children of Adam, through the distinction with which God favored them, the guidance He granted them, and the upright path and firm support He bestowed upon them — all expressed through the Qur’anic contexts that are unique in structure, rich in vocabulary, and abundant in meanings and connotations. This study focuses on examining the term “honoring (al-ikram)” in order to uncover its concept within its Qur’anic framework, seeking to understand it through thoughtful reflection on the meanings conveyed in the verses related to honoring. The aim is then to define this divine term — to increase knowledge of it linguistically and in its Qur’anic usage, to understand it and help others understand it, and to ensure its proper application and use.

The research adopts the methodological approach of terminological study, which combines the method of induction in its statistical and lexical components, along with both the analytical method in examining texts and the deductive method in formulating a definition of the studied term — based on the partial meanings conveyed through its textual occurrences. The study concludes with the following definition:
“Al-ikram (honoring) is an attribute of the Exalted Creator; it is ennoblement, dignity, and benevolence toward humankind, through which their complete benefit is realized in this life and the next, and which necessitates from them continual obedience, praise, and reverence.”

Despite its relatively few occurrences, the term al-ikram in the Qur’an is distinguished by the diversity of its derived forms and by the centrality of its concept among Qur’anic terms — especially given the variety of styles across different contexts. This confirms the pivotal nature of the term in relation to the destiny of the human being. The predominance of its occurrences in Meccan revelations further emphasizes the importance of the concept of honoring as one of the foundations of the call to faith, and as a principle upon which obligations and rulings are built.

The study recommends further examination of terms that appear alongside al-ikram in the verses — such as al-baqa’ (endurance), al-tabaruk (blessing), al-tan‘im (bestowal of bliss), and al-jalal (majesty), as well as terms closely related in meaning to al-ikram. Such studies would help achieve a more precise and comprehensive understanding of the concept of honoring.

The Criminal Confrontation of the Phenomenon of Marital Rape between Legislation and Judicial Practice in the Moroccan Penal Law: A Comparative Study

2026-01-09T18:30:26+00:00

This research addresses the issue of marital rape, one of the most sensitive topics that has sparked wide legal, social, and jurisprudential debate in Morocco due to its close connection with human rights and women’s dignity within the institution of marriage.
The study adopted a comparative analytical approach, analyzing national and international legal texts, reviewing Moroccan and comparative judicial precedents, and assessing their adequacy in protecting women from sexual coercion within marriage. The findings revealed that the Moroccan Penal Code does not explicitly criminalize marital rape, and this ambiguity has led to divergent judicial interpretations—some excluding the possibility of such a crime within marriage, viewing marital relations as granting the right to intercourse, while others consider it a crime whenever consent is absent, based on constitutional principles and international conventions that guarantee women’s physical and psychological integrity.
The research also demonstrated that the Law on Combating Violence against Women (2018) did not explicitly address this issue, thereby maintaining the existing legislative gap. In contrast, several comparative legal systems, such as French and Canadian law, have taken a clear stance by criminalizing marital rape.
It becomes evident that the Moroccan legislator has refrained from regulating marital rape due to the difficulty of codifying and criminalizing this phenomenon with precise legal provisions, as it may be perceived as a potential threat to the stability of Moroccan family life. Consequently, the study recommends amending the Penal Code to clarify the legal position on the matter, enhancing judicial training in handling domestic violence cases, raising public awareness about the concept of consent and mutual respect in marital relations, and providing psychological and legal support for victims.

Children’s Rights in Islamic Jurisprudence and The Phenomenon of Street Children in Mbale, Uganda: A Juristic Analysis

2026-01-09T18:30:28+00:00

This study investigates the rights of children as outlined in Islamic jurisprudence, with a specific focus on the situation of street children in Mbale, Uganda. The research problem centers on the growing number of street children in the region, driven by factors such as poverty, family disintegration, and inadequate institutional support. These conditions leave children vulnerable to exploitation, neglect, and deprivation of basic needs.
The primary objective of this study is to evaluate the relevance and applicability of Islamic legal principles in addressing these challenges and ensuring the protection and well-being of children in vulnerable circumstances. To achieve this, the study adopts a qualitative methodology that includes field observations, interviews with key stakeholders—such as religious leaders, social workers, and affected children—and an in-depth analysis of relevant Islamic sources, particularly the Qur’an, Hadith, and classical jurisprudential texts.
The findings reveal that approximately 4,000 street children are currently living in Mbale. Several factors lead to the rise of street children, including economic instability, poverty, war, the breakdown of traditional values, domestic violence, and abuse, all of which drive them to live on the street. The study recommends the establishment of waqf (endowment), ṣadaqah (charity), and zakāh-funded programs, to be administered through the Islamic University in Uganda (IUIU).
These funds should support initiatives such as: (i) Islamic Ethical Rehabilitation (ii) Basic Literacy and Vocational Training (iii) Psychosocial Support and Trauma Counseling (iv) Family Reintegration and Foster Care Training (Kafālah) (v) Health and Hygiene Education Programs. These initiatives aim to restore the rights and dignity of street children in accordance with Islamic principles.